Abstract
Introduction: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a prevalent pediatric orthopedic disorder characterized by avascular necrosis of the juvenile femoral head due to disrupted blood flow. Revascularization of the necrosed fragment can lead to femoral head deformation and reduced hip joint longevity. The incidence of LCPD varies geographically, with higher prevalence in northern Europe. This study investigates the correlation between solar irradiance and LCPD incidence.
Materials & Methods: Incidence data for LCPD from 31 regions, reported per 100,000 children under 15 years, were retrieved from PubMed. Corresponding regional solar irradiance data were obtained from a geo-localization website and two open data sources. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between latitude, solar irradiance, and LCPD incidence.
Results & Discussion: A significant negative correlation was found between regional solar irradiance and LCPD incidence, while a significant positive correlation was observed between latitude and LCPD incidence.
Conclusion: Evidence indicates: 1) a sharp increase in LCPD incidence at higher latitudes, 2) increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency at higher latitudes due to reduced sun exposure, and 3) vitamin D deficiency can induce a hypercoagulable state. We propose the hypothesis that "Decreased vitamin D levels during the antenatal and/or early childhood periods are correlated with increased incidence of LCPD," warranting further clinical research for verification.