Iranian Journal of Orthopedic Surgery

Abstract Abstract
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the capitate is extremely rare and leads to chronic wrist pain. Currently, there is no standard treatment protocol for AVN of this wrist bone. Due to the rarity of these cases, limited experience exists regarding treatment methods. This report presents a 30-year-old male patient with AVN of the capitate. The patient was treated with a vascularized bone graft. After one year of follow-up, the symptoms have resolved, and there has been no progression of capitate necrosis.

Abstract Abstract
The brachial plexus block is a regional anesthesia technique primarily used for upper limb surgeries. This method involves injecting local anesthetics near the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that innervate the arm, temporarily blocking sensation and motor function in the affected area. It serves as an alternative or adjunct to general anesthesia, particularly benefiting patients with significant comorbidities or those at risk of complications associated with general anesthesia. Regional anesthesia plays a crucial role in orthopedic and outpatient anesthesia advancements by providing both intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Furthermore, with the advent of ultrasound technology, newer upper limb block techniques have been introduced for targeted anesthesia. These various approaches allow anesthesiologists to tailor pain management strategies based on the individual needs of patients and surgical requirements. Continuous improvements in ultrasound technology have enhanced the safety and efficacy of these blocks, making regional anesthesia a standard technique for pain management in upper limb surgeries.

Abstract Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome develops by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. There is no "gold standard" test for a definite diagnosis of this syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a constellation of signs and symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of the subjective, objective and electrophysiological findings in patients who had carpal tunnel syndrome and underwent carpal tunnel surgery.Methods: A prospective study performed on 103 patients who had carpal tunnel surgery. Subjective evaluation accomplished by two standard questionnaires. Objective findings were comprised of Tinel’s sign, Phalen test, pinch and power grip, and electrophysiologic evaluation. Statistical tests were used to evaluate the data.Results: There was a statistically significant linear correlation between the Tinel's sign and Phalen test. There was a positive correlation between the "means" of the pinch and power grip. There was a positive correlation between average symptom severity scale and functional status scale. In patient with severe electrophysiological findings there was a statistically significant correlation between subjective, objective and electrophysiological findings.Conclusions: It seems that in advanced stages, significant correlation between subjective, objective and electrophysiological findings is present.