Iranian Journal of Orthopedic Surgery

Abstract Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common causes of joint pain and destruction in people over forty years old. This research has investigated the effect of using a drain on Fe, TIBC, and Hb levels in knee joint replacement surgery in a 6-months period, as a prospective cohort study.
Materials & Methods: All patients who were candidates for knee joint replacement in one hospital, were included in a prospective study. The grouping of patients included those who had post-operative drain (45 patients)and the ones with no drain (45 cases). and the control group were those who did not undergo drainage after the intervention. Fe, TIBC, and Hb levels were compared 3 months post-surgery.
Results & Discussion: A total of 21 men and 69 women were in the case and control groups. The average age in the case group was 67.67 years and in the control group was 68.96. The confounding variables considered in this study, including age, gender, and underlying diseases (including hypertension, diabetes, and hypothyroidism) were examined in both groups, and there was no significant difference between the group with and without a drain; Therefore, the difference between the two groups in this study was caused by the blood indices. However, the ferritin level of preoperative patients was different in the two groups. The most important blood index that was significant in all analyzes was hemoglobin changes before and after the operation. Also, significant changes in TIBC were present.
Conclusion: Drain use in knee replacement surgery results in less HB drop. Good blood loss strajedy can lower the drop in TIBC in 3 months follow-up.

Abstract Nanotechnology is currently recognized as a technology with vast application potential across multiple fields, particularly in medicine. Nanomaterials and nanostructures, owing to their ultra-microscopic dimensions, high surface area, and unique physicochemical properties, are increasingly employed in orthopedic surgeries. These materials, due to their distinctive features in interacting with living tissues, are considered key components in prostheses and medical devices, and they have led to significant advancements in bone tissue engineering, the design of implantable materials, and diagnostic as well as therapeutic processes. In this study, various databases including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, SID, Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were utilized. The keywords applied consisted of nanohydroxyapatite, bone defect repair, prosthesis, clinical evaluation, and fracture healing. The use of biocompatible nanomaterials in orthopedic prostheses—particularly due to their ability to stimulate cellular growth, regenerate damaged tissues, and improve cellular microenvironmental properties—has had a profound impact on enhancing orthopedic therapies. These technologies have successfully facilitated bone repair processes. This article has been prepared to provide a deeper understanding of the application of hydroxyapatite at the nanoscale and its potential therapeutic objectives in orthopedic surgeries.