Iranian Journal of Orthopedic Surgery

Abstract Introduction: Intertrochanteric fractures are among the most common hip fractures, especially in the elderly population. DHS and PFNA, remain the main fixation methods for these fractures. This study compares the long-term results of these methods in fractures classified as OTA/AO A1 & A2.1.
Materials & Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. 154 patients treated with DHS, PFNA, within 10 years in a teaching hospital were studied. Outcomes, such as infection, reoperation rate, and mortality were assessed based on age and sex in different subgroups.
Results & Discussion: Analysis of the 154 patients revealed no significant differences in infection rates, need for reoperation, or 5-year mortality between DHS and PFNA methods. However, women and patients older than 70 years treated with DHS showed a higher need for reoperation.
Conclusion: Except for women and individuals over 70 years old who had higher reoperation rates with DHS, no significant difference was observed between the two groups.

Abstract Abstract
Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is traditionally associated with orthopedic trauma, particularly long bone fractures, but its occurrence in non-orthopedic contexts, such as cosmetic procedures, acupuncture, and other minimally invasive interventions, is emerging as a significant clinical concern.
This literature review explores the clinical cases, pathophysiology, and knowledge gaps related to fat embolism in these non-orthopedic settings. The review, mostly includes the articles from the last 14 years.
The review synthesizes existing case reports, highlighting the mechanisms by which fat globules enter the bloodstream, often through tissue disruption in fat-rich areas. While fat embolism is well-documented in orthopedic trauma, the risk in non-traumatic contexts remains underrecognized, with diagnostic challenges and limited understanding of the precise mechanisms involved. Procedures like liposuction, gluteal fat grafting, and acupuncture have been implicated in fat embolism, often resulting in severe complications such as respiratory distress and neurological impairment. Despite the rising frequency of these procedures, significant gaps remain in understanding risk factors, improving diagnostic techniques, and optimizing treatment strategies.
This review underscores the need for increased awareness and further research to understand non-orthopedic fat embolism better, refine diagnostic approaches, and develop preventive measures to reduce the risk of complications in clinical practice.

Abstract Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on the healing process of wounds resulting from traumatic amputation of the fingertips in patients, especially those who need accelerated treatment and better outcomes.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized clinical trial on 52 patients who had referred to a teaching unit with finger-tip amputation after trauma. The patients were divided into two intervention groups (receiving pentoxifylline) and control group (receiving placebo). Pentoxifylline was prescribed in the intervention group at a dose of 1200 mg per day for 21 days. Evaluations were performed at three times (days 7, 14, and 21) in terms of wound status and treatment results.
Results & Discussion: The results showed that on the seventh day, a lower percentage of patients in the intervention group had central and peripheral necrosis. Also, on the fourteenth and twenty-first days, a significant improvement in the condition of the wounds was observed in the intervention group and the prognosis of treatment in this group was significantly better. On the twenty-first day, 90% of patients in the intervention group achieved complete recovery, while in the control group this figure was 75%. Also, the side effects of pentoxifylline in the intervention group were few and temporary, and none of the patients needed to discontinue the drug.
Conclusion: The use of pentoxifylline as a complementary treatment in patients with traumatic finger amputation has a significant positive effect on accelerating wound healing and improving treatment prognosis.