Iranian Journal of Orthopedic Surgery

Abstract Abstract
Introduction: Adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as frozen shoulder, is a prevalent and painful condition that limits shoulder mobility. A strong association exists between diabetes and this condition. This study aims to investigate the inflammatory risk factors involved in the development of adhesive capsulitis in diabetic patients.
Materials & Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, individuals diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis were evaluated over three years. Among these patients, those with a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes who were undergoing treatment were identified and included in the study. They were compared to non-diabetic individuals. A pre-defined questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, diabetes duration, treatment type, and laboratory findings, which were then analyzed for associations with this condition.
Results & Discussion: A total of 53 patients were examined, with the prevalence of concurrent diabetes and adhesive capsulitis being 47%. Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia showed a significant association with the co-occurrence of diabetes and adhesive capsulitis. The mean duration of diabetes was 4.43 ± 2.22 years in patients receiving oral medication and 4.55 ± 2.60 years in those on insulin therapy (P = 0.26). The mean HbA1C level was 7.72 ± 1.01 in the oral medication group and 6.71 ± 0.48 in the insulin therapy group, indicating a significant association between treatment type, diabetes duration, and the development of adhesive capsulitis.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the coexistence of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia with diabetes plays a significant role in the development of adhesive capsulitis.

Abstract Abstract
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common idiopathic neuropathic compression syndrome in the upper extremity, with a reported prevalence of 2.7% in the general population. Trigger Finger (TF) is a common upper limb disorder characterized by the painful locking of one or more fingers. A review of the literature, and personal experiences of the authors indicates that the occurrence of Trigger Finger after Carpal Tunnel Syndrome surgery is significantly higher in patients with CTS compared to those without CTS, though this increase in incidence has not definitively been linked to the surgery. In most studies, thumb has been the most commonly involved finger in association with CTS; however, in some cases, the third finger was more common. In contrast, when TF occurs alone, the fourth finger is typically the most frequently affected finger with triggering in the fourth one.